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Quenching Process Parameters for Mesh Belt Furnaces
2025-07-30Quenching Process Parameters for Mesh-Belt Furnaces
1. Reference Quenching Temperatures for Common Steels
| Material | Heating Temp. (°C) | Quenchant | Hardness (HRC) | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15/20 Steel (Carburized) | 770～790 | Water/Fast Oil | ≥59 | Requires prior carburization (0.7–1.0% surface C) |
| 35 Steel | 830～850 | Water/Polymer | 40～45 | Avoid overheating to prevent grain growth |
| 45 Steel | 820～840 | Water-Oil/PAG | 50～55 | Use interrupted quenching for complex parts |
| T8/T10 Tool Steel | 780～800 | Fast Oil | 62～65 | Preheating (600°C) reduces distortion |
| 40Cr | 850～870 | Oil | 52～58 | Suitable for medium-section parts |
2. Key Factors Affecting Temperature Selection
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Material Composition:
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Carbon content: Low-C steels (e.g., 20 steel) require carburization; high-C steels (e.g., T10) can be directly quenched.
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Alloying elements: Cr/Mo improve hardenability, allowing slower cooling (e.g., oil for 40Cr).
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Part Dimensions:
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Large sections may need +10–20°C or extended soaking time.
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Furnace Uniformity: Calibrate thermocouples regularly (±5°C variation).
3. Quenchant Selection Guide
| Quenchant | Applicable Materials | Advantages | Risks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Low-C steel, simple 45 steel | Fast cooling, low cost | Cracking risk |
| Fast Oil | Alloy/tool steels | Uniform cooling | Fire hazard |
| PAG (5–10%) | Medium-C steel, complex parts | Adjustable cooling | Concentration control |
| Salt Bath | High-alloy steels | Low thermal stress | Complex setup |
4. Critical Process Controls
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Preheating:
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500–600°C for high-C or intricate parts to minimize thermal shock.
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Soaking Time:
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Mesh-belt speed: 0.5–2 m/min; soak time = 1.5–2 min/mm (effective thickness).
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Post-Quenching:
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Immediate tempering (e.g., 45 steel: 200–300°C for 2 hrs to reduce brittleness).
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5. Safety & Equipment Maintenance
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Safety Protocols:
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Water quenching: Prevent steam explosions; oil tanks <80°C with fire suppression.
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Furnace Upkeep:
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Monthly inspection of muffle carburization and mesh belt carbon buildup.
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6. Special Cases
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Thin-Wall Parts (<3mm): Reduce temp by 10–15°C; use air/mist cooling.
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Retained Austenite: Cryogenic treatment (−70°C) for high-alloy steels (e.g., GCr15).
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